全文获取类型
收费全文 | 728篇 |
免费 | 128篇 |
国内免费 | 135篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 38篇 |
大气科学 | 48篇 |
地球物理 | 198篇 |
地质学 | 224篇 |
海洋学 | 168篇 |
天文学 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 52篇 |
自然地理 | 262篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 32篇 |
2019年 | 30篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 47篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 57篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 40篇 |
2010年 | 47篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 64篇 |
2007年 | 49篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 29篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 30篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 27篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有991条查询结果,搜索用时 703 毫秒
91.
陈刚 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(2)
通过渐近体长(L∞),渐近体重(W∞)、生长系数(K)、初次性成熟年龄(Tm)、最大年龄(Tmax)、瞬时自然死亡率(M)和种群繁殖力(PF)等七个生态学参数的比较,研究19种淡水鱼类和15种近海鱼类的生态对策。根据r—选择和k—选择的典型特征以及各参数间相互关系的显著性,3种鲟鱼类属k—选择;牙鲆等5种近海鱼类偏向k—选择;青鱼、勒氏笛鲷等9种鱼类偏向r—选择;鲤、黄鲫等17种鱼类为r—选择。对r-k选择的资源特征及其对捕捞的反应做了分析,只有合理控制捕捞强度和起捕年龄,才能保护资源,获得较好的经济效益。 相似文献
92.
An ecological economics framework for assessing environmental flows: the case of inter-basin water transfers in Lesotho 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
This paper used the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) that transfers water from the Orange River Basin in Lesotho to the Vaal River Basin in South Africa as a case study to show how environmental sustainability aspects can be integrated into economic development planning. Using the Ecological Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) for Lesotho that integrates ecological implications of the LHWP with economic benefits of the project, the paper analysed the impact of lost ecological services downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho on the well-being of households directly affected by the project (riparians) and the general economy of the country. The results revealed that despite significant economic benefits, the project has unintended impacts on ecological resources and services with resultant deleterious well-being implications for riparians. The results from the ESAM analysis indicated that not only the income of riparians is likely to suffer, but also that of other households and social groups, as well as the general economy of Lesotho. While results of the ESAM analysis did not indicate large income impacts on the economy at large, they were significant for riparians. The importance of integrating ecological consequences into impact assessment of IBWT before such transfers can be implemented to ensure sustainable development and considering economy-wide impacts associated with IBWT was proven necessary for a holistic impact assessment of IBWT. 相似文献
93.
Andrew J. Davies Max Wisshak James C. Orr J. Murray Roberts 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2008,55(8):1048-1062
Ecological-niche factor analysis (ENFA) was applied to the reef framework-forming cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. The environmental tolerances of this species were assessed using readily available oceanographic data, including physical, chemical, and biological variables. L. pertusa was found at mean depths of 468 and 480 m on the regional and global scales and occupied a niche that included higher than average current speed and productivity, supporting the theory that their limited food supply is locally enhanced by currents. Most records occurred in areas with a salinity of 35, mean temperatures of 6.2–6.7 °C and dissolved oxygen levels of 6.0–6.2 ml l−1. The majority of records were found in areas that were saturated with aragonite but had low concentration of nutrients (silicate, phosphate, and nitrate). Suitable habitat for L. pertusa was predicted using ENFA on a global and a regional scale that incorporated the north-east Atlantic Ocean. Regional prediction was reliable due to numerous presence points throughout the area, whereas global prediction was less reliable due to the paucity of presence data outside of the north-east Atlantic. However, the species niche was supported at each spatial scale. Predicted maps at the global scale reinforced the general consensus that the North Atlantic Ocean is a key region in the worldwide distribution of L. pertusa. Predictive modelling is an approach that can be applied to cold-water coral species to locate areas of suitable habitat for further study. It may also prove a useful tool to assist spatial planning of offshore marine protected areas. However, issues with eco-geographical datasets, including their coarse resolution and limited geographical coverage, currently restrict the scope of this approach. 相似文献
94.
黄河上游及源头区生态环境质量综合评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文简要介绍了利用遥感和地理信息系统技术进行黄河上游及源头区生态环境质量综合评价中,评价因子的获取及其分值和权值的确定,评价模型的建立及评价等级的划分。评价结果表明,该区环境质量具有垂直分带规律,人类不合理的经济活动是影响环境质量的重要因素。 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
Liaqat Ali Abdur Rashid Seema Anjum Khattak Xubo Gao Shah Jehan Asif Javed 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(5):656-667
The objective of the current study was to assess the contamination of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in weathered surface sediment, along stream tributaries, and surrounding area of the river Chitral, Shyok suture zone district Chitral, Pakistan. To understand the geochemical features of 113 sediment, samples were collected from the Mirkhani and Drosh area. Then, different statistical tools including the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and ecological risk assessment (ERA) were used to unravel the origin, intensity, and exposure level of PTMs to control risk and restore the ecosystem within the study area. The results for the PTMs namely nickle (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cobalt (Co) in Mirkhani and Drosh were in the following ranges: 10–150, 15–210, 15–250, 0.08–1.00, 10–70, 76–240 and 14–51; and 13–240, 17–210, 15–150, 0.08–0.60, 7–140, 47–150 and 13–36 mg/kg, respectively. In consequence, the potential ecological risk caused by Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Zn is reflected by the percentages of samples with an ecological risk index (ERI) greater than one which were 100%, 91%, 100%, 100%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. However, the overall mean decreasing order of ecological risk of PTMs in the district Chitral was Pb > Ni > Cu > Co > Cr > Zn > Cd. Moreover, the PCA yielded 78% variability which indicated that mineral prospects play an important role in the contamination of sediment. Furthermore, the mineral phases of Pb and Zn suggested supersaturation, while that for Cd revealed unsaturation. The results of Igeo, ERI, and CA indicated contamination of PTMs in the study area. The ERI value of Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Zn was higher than 1 suggesting an ecological risk in the study area. Moreover, the current study showed the dominance of geogenic contamination with major contributions from ultramafic rock and known mineral prospects. Therefore, contaminated sediment of the Shyok suture zone is extremely detrimental to the aquatic ecosystem of the study area. 相似文献
98.
文章论述了珠江三角洲河网的发育、演变过程和整治方案。由于人类活动影响,珠江三角洲河网区西、北两江下游放射状河系支汊淤断及消亡,使西、北两江正干均成为单一水道;在两江汇流区内又受绥江三角洲南展而分离开来,只留一条狭窄的小河涌(思贤)连接;由于北江正干的淤积、西江正干刷深,使古代(唐代以前)西江合北江同流向东流入番禺(广州)的形势大变,形成江水反向西流入西江,西江水不能过入广州。由此,西、北两江合成的珠江三角洲主体网河区成为浅水狭窄的小河区,以往主要干流多不复存在,生态环境日益变劣。因此,需要修复河网。关键是把西江大量优质水源(沙少、污染少)引回,过入珠江三角洲网河区,北江水源也需截流使其不再西流入西江;开通北江大堤沿途防西水的闸门(如芦苞、西南、沙口等闸),以便通水通航;在思贤建立新型分水闸,可将西、北两江正干水源恢复到良好生态环境 相似文献
99.
山东昌邑国家级海洋生态特别保护区是目前国内唯一以柽柳林生态系统为主要管理和保护对象的国家级海洋保护区。为系统、全面地了解保护区内生态环境和保护物种的变化趋势,文章对山东昌邑国家级海洋生态特别保护区生态环境现状进行了监测与评价,并根据评价结果,分析了保护区保护与管理中存在的问题。研究表明,该保护区生态环境一直处于亚健康状态,为促进保护及管护,提出了加强保护区生态建设,改变保护区开发利用模式;加强能力建设,实现保护区动态监控;协调发展与保护的关系,实现资源可持续利用;大力开展柽柳生态修复,恢复柽柳的资源状况的对策建议。 相似文献
100.
海洋生态红线制度是我国"五位一体"文明建设的具体要求。为进一步在自然科学与人文科学的联结点上探求深入开展生态红线工作的可能性,文章对比了实施多年的海洋功能区划与历史新阶段提出的海洋生态保护红线的概念和内涵,剖析了两者之间的区别与联系,指出海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划在法律地位和管控制度等方面具有一致性,在划分目标、空间管理及划分方法上具有差异性,海洋功能区划以"使用"为主,海洋生态红线以"保护"引领。在此基础上,建议未来海洋生态红线工作的开展可从海洋功能区划借鉴经验,建立完善的管控评估制度,确立生态保护红线的优先地位,处理好海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划的关系。同时,海洋生态红线区划应以维持海洋生态系统结构稳定和提高海洋生态系统服务功能为目标,将区域资源环境承载力评估作为一项参考指标,限制低承载区的开发利用,保证海洋生态环境健康可持续发展。 相似文献